wheaters
Elio Addict
In auto rotation the pitch of the main rotors are put in a negative pitch (negative collective)(the collective and throttle looks like an emergency brake handle on the left side of the pilot - throttle is usually a twist knob on the end of the collective stick) rather than a positive as in flight. This is called wind milling or autorotation. What occurs is the main rotors essentially become glider wings. All parts of the blade create lift. The blades have an airfoil shape which creates this lift. So the pilot is compensating altitude for air speed or rather lift. The decent rate in an autorotation mode is very fast with little time to make decisions other than looking for a spot to gracefully land (crash). It is all in the timing that will determine if it is a crash or hard landing. The point is to obtain maintain the main rotor speed and just before impact switch to a positive pitch (increased lift - pulling collective) to slow or stop the decent. By doing so you loose rotor speed/lift. And if you are not very close to the ground, the helicopter will fall out of the air and crash. How bad of a crash depends on how high above the ground you are when you loose lift or if you fail to flair soon enough and hit the ground hard. It is all in timing.
When practicing auto rotations you keep your engine hot and flair before touching the ground as if the ground is higher up. Engaging the transmission. Eventually you are allowed to touch down. Many helis have been damaged by doing this. It is only used as a last effort.
I've been flying helicopters (and instructing on them) for a living since 1979. I flew fixed wing aircraft since before that time too and so I know what the controls look like. I also used to teach autorotations and full engine off landings to the ground as a routine thing, I've lost count of how many I've done in the past.
Although what you wrote about helicopters is along the right lines, there are basic inaccuracies in there, beginning with the first sentence. The blades of a full sized helicopter do not ever go into a negative pitch or "negative collective". The main rotors are set to a minimum but positive pitch angle, which cannot be gone below, unless like some naval versions you want to pin the airframe down against the deck of a heaving ship. The earlier Westland Lynx produced for the Royal Navy did have this facility, although I don't know about the later versions. But it would never be used in flight.